下顎線條是決定中下臉輪廓最重要的關鍵。下顎線條不理想的患者，想改善必須同時考慮軟組織及骨骼的問題。軟組織常見的問題包括脂肪過多及皮膚鬆弛，骨骼常見的問題則包括下顎骨形狀或位置不佳。下顎骨形狀常見的問題有下顎角過大、突出，下巴過寬、過短、過長、歪斜、後縮等，下顎骨位置不佳則常見後縮、前突、歪斜、過低、過高、傾斜角度不佳等。下顎骨形狀的處理，通常是透過削骨、下巴截骨、植入假體等方式進行，下顎骨位置的調整，則需要透過正顎手術來達成，視情況需合併牙齒矯正。處理下顎線條時，應先評估骨骼問題；而處理骨骼問題時，應優先考慮位置的調整，再考慮形狀的修飾。常見的整形迷思是沒有認清臉型問題關鍵，一味追求小臉，透過削骨將骨骼切除過多，造成軟組織鬆弛下垂，難以補救。其實理想的下顎線條必須有適當的下顎骨支撐起軟組織，且下顎骨必需符合特定條件，才能呈現出好看且自然的輪廓。

Effects of skeletal surgery on lower-facial profile
Abstract
The jawline plays a crucial role in defining the contour of the lower facial profile. For patients with unsatisfactory jawlines, improvement strategies must address both soft and underlying bone issues. Common soft tissue concerns include excess fat and loose skin, while skeletal issues involve the shape or position of the jawbone itself.

Frequent mandibular shape concerns include excessively large or prominent mandibular angles, overly wide, too short, too long, skewed, or retracted chins. Mandibular position issues commonly involve retraction, protrusion, skew, too high or too low, and poor tilt angle.

Mandibular shape correction typically involves bone resection, chin osteotomy, or implant augmentation. Mandibular position adjustment requires orthognathic surgery, which may be combined with dental correction if necessary.

When addressing jawline concerns, bone issues should be prioritized over soft tissue issues. A common misconception is the unreasonable pursuit of a smaller face, leading to excessive bone reduction and subsequent soft tissue sagging.

An ideal jawline requires adequate soft tissue support by mandible. The mandible itself must meet certain criteria to present an aesthetically pleasing and natural contour.

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