Vascularized fibula flap has become the treatment of choice and gold standard for bony reconstruction of a segmental jaw defects in the past four decades.

The discovery of blood supply from the same perineal vessel to the skin flap on the lateral aspect of the lower leg allows for great expansion of its application to a complex bony defect involving soft tissues.

The timing of dental implantation into the transferred fibula has evolved from delayed to immediate insertion. The dental prosthesis has undergone several modifications in fabrication and placement as well: from a staged to a single stage, the so called” Jaw-in-a-Day”(JIAD) or “Jaw-during-Admission” (JDA) for a more sustainable practice.

Microsurgical transfer of fibula for complex segmental mandibular defects reconstruction greatly increases the tumor respectability, therefore, has saved numerous lives. The feasibility of dental implantation to the transferred fibulas (new mandibles), on the other hand, has enhanced quality of lives tremendously.

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