（Purpose）
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have been studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of adipose stem cells on regeneration of vascular scaffolds in vivo.
（Materials and Methods）
Rat ASCs were derived from abdomen and the inguinal fat. Scaffolds were derived from human umbilical arteries. The proliferation, adhesion and antithrombotic functions of ASCs on scaffolds were evaluated. Scaffolds without ASC, with ASC-recellularized and with ASC/sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)-recellularized (each n=10) were implanted into rat aortas. The scaffold patency, histology (H&E, immunofluorescence) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were evaluated in 90 days.
（Results）
ASC-recellularized scaffolds showed better patency rate (90%) over scaffolds without recellularization(60%) after 90-day implantation, but there was no significant difference between ASC-recellularized and ASC/S1P-recellularized scaffolds. MRA showed dilatation of implanted scaffolds in these three groups. Histological examination revealed endothelialization of scaffolds in these three groups (CD31, vWF-stained). eNOS positive cells were observed in ASC-recellularized and ASC/S1P-recellularized scaffolds. CD45+ or CD68+ inflammatory cells were observed mainly in scaffolds without ASC-recellularization, while CD163+ cells were mainly observed in scaffolds with ASC/S1P recellularization.
（Conclusion）
ASCs-based recellularization has benefit in functional endothelialization and tissue regeneration of decellularized vascular scaffolds in vivo.

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